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1.
J Clin Epidemiol ; 139: 287-296, 2021 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34091021

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to map the resource use during systematic review (SR) production and reasons why steps of the SR production are resource intensive to discover where the largest gain in improving efficiency might be possible. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: We conducted a scoping review. An information specialist searched multiple databases (e.g., Ovid MEDLINE, Scopus) and implemented citation-based and grey literature searching. We employed dual and independent screenings of records at the title/abstract and full-text levels and data extraction. RESULTS: We included 34 studies. Thirty-two reported on the resource use-mostly time; four described reasons why steps of the review process are resource intensive. Study selection, data extraction, and critical appraisal seem to be very resource intensive, while protocol development, literature search, or study retrieval take less time. Project management and administration required a large proportion of SR production time. Lack of experience, domain knowledge, use of collaborative and SR-tailored software, and good communication and management can be reasons why SR steps are resource intensive. CONCLUSION: Resource use during SR production varies widely. Areas with the largest resource use are administration and project management, study selection, data extraction, and critical appraisal of studies.


Assuntos
Coleta de Dados , Relatório de Pesquisa , Revisões Sistemáticas como Assunto , Humanos , Pesquisa Biomédica/normas , Pesquisa Biomédica/estatística & dados numéricos , Coleta de Dados/métodos , Coleta de Dados/normas , Coleta de Dados/estatística & dados numéricos , Projetos de Pesquisa , Relatório de Pesquisa/normas , Revisões Sistemáticas como Assunto/métodos , Revisões Sistemáticas como Assunto/normas
2.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 18(69): e47-e53, ene.-mar. 2016.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-152283

RESUMO

El elevado consumo de azúcar en la infancia contribuye a la actual epidemia de caries dental y de obesidad infantil, además de influir de forma negativa en las bajas tasas de lactancia materna. Entre las medidas para controlar este consumo está la determinación, por parte de las autoridades sanitarias, de la cantidad máxima de azúcar existente en los alimentos infantiles elaborados por la industria alimentaria. El presente artículo inspecciona las normas que regulan en Europa y en España la presencia de azúcar en alimentos infantiles distintos a fórmulas lácteas (preparados para lactantes o preparados de continuación): la Directiva 2006/125/CE y el Real Decreto 490/1998. Tras revisar la técnica legislativa y de compilación o refundición de normas, el respeto de plazos y la idoneidad de los procedimientos, podemos concluir que la falta de rigor es patente. Con respecto a las cifras de azúcares permitidos en alimentos infantiles, distan mucho de ser idóneas, hasta el punto de que pueden considerarse un factor obesogénico y de promoción de malos hábitos alimentarios en la infancia. Por ello, cabe preguntarse a quién protege la legislación, si a la salud infantil, o más bien a los intereses de la industria azucarera (AU)


The high level of sugar intake in infancy and childhood contributes to the current epidemic of tooth decay and childhood obesity, influencing negatively, as well, on low rates of breastfeeding. One of the measures to control this consumption is the determination by the health authorities of the maximum amount of existing sugar in infant foods produced by the food industry. This article inspects the law in Europe and Spain governing the presence of sugar in baby foods other than infant formula: Directive 2006/125/EC and Royal Decree 490/1998. After reviewing the legislative and compilation or consolidation technical rules, the respect of deadlines and the suitability of the procedures, we can conclude that the lack of accuracy is evident. Regarding the amount of sugars allowed in baby foods, they are far from ideal, to the extent that they can be considered an obesogenic factor and an issue that promote bad dietary habits throughout childhood. Therefore, we can question if the law protects infant’s health or the interest of sugary industry (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Nutrição do Lactente/legislação & jurisprudência , Nutrição do Lactente/normas , Alimentos Infantis/normas , Açúcares , Grão Comestível/normas , Grãos Integrais/normas , Biscoitos
3.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 16(61): 65-69, ene.-mar. 2014.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-121760

RESUMO

Pese a que el consumo de verduras y hortalizas es recomendable tanto en adultos como en bebés y niños pequeños, existe el riesgo de que estos últimos ingieran a través de dichos alimentos cantidades elevadas de nitratos que incrementen el riesgo de padecer metahemoglobinemia. Aunque la ingesta media de nitratos en la población infantil europea no supera los márgenes de seguridad, un análisis llevado a cabo por la Autoridad Europea de Seguridad Alimentaria (EFSA) en 2010 reveló que el consumo de espinacas puede estar implicado en ciertos casos de metahemoglobinemia infantil. La Agencia Española de Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutrición (AESAN) consideró en 2011 que las acelgas, debido a su notable consumo en España, también pueden suponer un riesgo para la población infantil si su ingesta es elevada. A las recomendaciones de la AESAN, que es conveniente que conozca cualquier profesional sanitario del ámbito de la nutrición infantil, resulta prudente añadir que un elevado consumo de borraja (Borago officinalis, una hortaliza muy consumida en Navarra, La Rioja y Aragón en la elaboración de purés hechos en casa) también puede estar implicado en la metahemoglobinemia infantil. En cualquier caso, tal y como señalan tanto la EFSA como la AESAN, cuando se comparan los riesgos/beneficios de la exposición de nitratos por el consumo de verduras y hortalizas, prevalecen los efectos beneficiosos de su consumo (AU)


Although the consumption of vegetables is recommended for adults, infants and young children, there is a risk that their consumption results in a high intake of nitrates that increases the risk of methemoglobinemia. Even though the average nitrate intake in children does not exceed the European safety threshold, an analysis conducted by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) in 2010 revealed that the consumption of spinach may be involved in certain cases of infant methemoglobinemia. The Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition (AESAN) found in 2011 that chards, because of its remarkable consumption in Spain, may also pose a risk for children. In addition to the AESAN recommendations, that any health care professional in the field of infant nutrition should know, it is prudent to add that a high consumption of borage (Borago officinalis, a vegetable widely consumed in Navarra, La Rioja and Aragón in homemade purees) may also be involved in infant methemoglobinemia. In any case, and as EFSA and AESAN point out, the benefits of eating vegetables prevail over the risks of the exposure to nitrates linked to their consumption (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Nitratos/administração & dosagem , Nitratos/efeitos adversos , Nitratos/metabolismo , Metemoglobinemia/complicações , Metemoglobinemia/epidemiologia , Nitritos/administração & dosagem , Nitritos/efeitos adversos , Verduras/efeitos adversos , Verduras/metabolismo , Dieta/efeitos adversos , Dieta/métodos , Dieta , Nutrição do Lactente/normas , Nutrição da Criança , Atenção Primária à Saúde/métodos , Atenção Primária à Saúde
4.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 15(60): 351-359, oct.-dic. 2013. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-118553

RESUMO

Las declaraciones nutricionales y de propiedades saludables son, desde hace décadas, un valor añadido que puede posicionar y diferenciar un producto o marca. El fraude en cuestiones en las que se requiere un análisis científico es difícilmente refutable por parte del consumidor. La legislación y los organismos científicos oficiales deben velar para que la comunicación sea veraz. El Reglamento 1924/2006 y la European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) tienen un papel fundamental, al ser el eje central sobre el que se desarrolla la creación y aceptación final de las declaraciones nutricionales y de propiedades saludables. Sin embargo, la coexistencia de legislación específica aplicable a los alimentos para lactantes y niños de corta edad y contemporánea al Reglamento 1924/2006, ha complicado la interpretación y aplicación del reglamento a dichos alimentos de especial consideración. Las Directivas 2006/141 y 2006/125 contienen apartados específicos de declaraciones nutricionales y de propiedades saludables no sometidas a aprobación por la EFSA y, en algunas ocasiones, el Reglamento 1924/2006 entra en conflicto con dichas directivas en esta materia. En esta revisión se desvelan algunas de las historias más accidentadas que envuelven el desarrollo de una legislación necesaria, ambiciosa y compleja (AU)


Nutrition and health claims are an added value that can position and differentiate a product or brand. Fraud issues in what scientific analysis is required are hardly refutable by the consumer. Legislation and official scientific bodies should ensure that the communication is truthful. Regulation 1924/2006 and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) have a key role, being the focus on the creation and final acceptance of nutrition and health claims. However, the coexistence of specific legislation applicable to foods for infants and young children to the Regulation 1924/2006, has complicated the interpretation and application of the regulation to these foods of special consideration. Directives 2006/141 and 2006/125 contain some specific sections on nutrition and health claims not subject to approval by the EFSA, and sometimes the Regulation 1924/2006 conflicts with these specific directives in this area. In this review, we reveal some of the roughest stories involving the development of a necessary, ambitious and complex legislation (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Nutrição do Lactente/educação , Nutrição do Lactente/legislação & jurisprudência , Saúde Pública/legislação & jurisprudência , Atenção Primária à Saúde/legislação & jurisprudência , Programas de Nutrição/organização & administração , Transtornos da Nutrição Infantil/epidemiologia , Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional/métodos , Administração em Saúde Pública/legislação & jurisprudência , Atenção à Saúde/legislação & jurisprudência , Atenção à Saúde/métodos , Atenção à Saúde/organização & administração , Declarações , Atos Internacionais/legislação & jurisprudência
5.
Nutr Hosp ; 24(4): 384-414, 2009.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19721919

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: In Spain, there are some organizations and scientific societies that have edited reference values of recommended nutrient intake, but whose data does not always agree in terms of format and content. AIMS: To review the definitions, data and methodology that other countries or groups of countries have followed to obtain and document their own reference values in order to offer basic information to facilitate the establishment of the best reference values for the Spanish population. FIELD: Review of the available information in different countries (or groups of countries) from the European Union, the United States and World Health Organization. The analysed data concerned to healthy populations. CONCLUSIONS: Reference intakes differ among the examined countries according to population groups, included nutrients, methodology and frequency of published reviews. However, most of the countries define major concepts in the same way, although with different names in each country. On the other hand, most of the studied cases represent only a scientific organization in charge of the publication and update of the values of dietary reference intakes, but not in Spain. In that context, it looks convenient to reach a consensus among all Spanish organizations and scientific societies that are involved in this task, in order to establish an acceptable reference values.


Assuntos
Dieta , Ingestão de Alimentos , Organização Mundial da Saúde , Europa (Continente) , Humanos , Valores de Referência , Estados Unidos
6.
Nutr. hosp ; 24(4): 384-414, jul.-ago. 2009. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-73503

RESUMO

Antecedentes: En España, existen varios organismos y sociedades científicas que han editado sus propios de valores de referencia sobre la ingesta recomendada de nutrientes, que no siempre coinciden en los contenidos y formas presentadas. Objetivo: Revisar los conceptos, datos y la metodología que han seguido otros países o grupos de países para obtener y documentar sus propios Valores de Referencia, con objeto de ofrecer una información básica que facilite el establecimiento de los valores de referencia que mejor puedan adaptarse a la población española, en base a la mejor evidencia científica disponible en la actualidad. Ámbito: Revisión de la información disponible en los distintos países (o grupos de países) de la Unión Europea, Estados Unidos y la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Los datos estudiados corresponden a poblaciones sanas. Conclusiones: Las ingestas de referencia difieren notablemente entre los distintos países estudiados en cuanto a grupos de población, tipo de nutrientes incluidos, metodología y periodicidad de las revisiones publicadas. Sin embargo, la mayoría definen de manera semejante los conceptos más importantes, aunque tengan distintas denominaciones en cada país. Por otro lado, en la mayoría de los casos estudiados existe un único organismo científico encargado de la publicación y actualización de los valores de ingestas dietéticas de referencia, no siendo así en España. En este contexto, parece conveniente alcanzar un acuerdo entre todos los organismos y sociedades científicas españolas implicadas en esta tarea, con objeto de establecer unos valores de referencia únicos para todo el país, con el consenso de todos (AU)


Background: In Spain, there are some organizations and scientific societies that have edited reference values of recommended nutrient intake, but whose data does not always agree in terms of format and content. Aims: To review the definitions, data and methodology that other countries or groups of countries have followed to obtain and document their own reference values in order to offer basic information to facilitate the establishment of the best reference values for the Spanish population. Field: Review of the available information in different countries (or groups of countries) from the European Union, the United States and World Health Organization. The analysed data concerned to healthy populations. Conclusions: Reference intakes differ among the examined countries according to population groups, included nutrients, methodology and frequency of published reviews. However, most of the countries define major concepts in the same way, although with different names in each country. On the other hand, most of the studied cases represent only a scientific organization in charge of the publication and update of the values of dietary reference intakes, but not in Spain. In that context, it looks convenient to reach a consensus among all Spanish organizations and scientific societies that are involved in this task, in order to establish an acceptable reference values (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Dieta , Ingestão de Alimentos , Organização Mundial da Saúde , Europa (Continente) , Valores de Referência , Estados Unidos
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